I often hear Christians lament the changes to which the Church finds itself responding in our day. No doubt, this is a challenge. Yet, the Church has been adapting to change from the beginning of its formation in Acts 2. Keep in mind that the period covered by Luke’s historical account of apostolic activity lasted only thirty years or so. That’s a relatively brief period - typically less than one generation. When many changes occur in that span of time, stress is produced both in individual persons and in the societies of which they are a part.
In an attempt to demonstrate that the Church as always had to respond to changes and pressures from within and without, I have identified some of the principal challenges the Church faced in its infancy:
From Peace to Persecution
Acts 2:47 tells us that the
early church enjoyed a brief period, perhaps only days, maybe weeks
when it had “favour with all the people. And the Lord added to the
church daily those who were being saved.” Chapter three records an
event which resulted in Peter’s and John’s arrest in chapter four. By
the time we get to chapter 7, Jewish animosity toward the Church
resulted in its first martyr and the first major wave of persecution
which began driving Christians to other places. From then until the
book closes, and beyond, the Church found itself responding to surges
in the intensity of persecution from the Jews first, but also from the
Romans. These were but a foreshadow of things to come in subsequent
years as the values of Christians and Roman culture reached ever-higher
levels of incompatibility.
Signs and Wonders from frequent to rare
Acts 2:43
records that after Peter’s sermon at Pentecost, that “fear came upon
every soul, and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles.”
Acts has 28 chapters, the first 14 chapters record 18 references to
signs, wonders, miracles, or healing. The latter 14 chapters contain
the following:
From Jewish to Gentile
Ethnic tension is a scourge in the
world today, so it shouldn’t surprise us that the Church had to work
hard to keep from “blowing up” as it shifted from being entirely Jewish
to largely Gentile. The Church began in Jerusalem, but by the end of
Acts, it had spread throughout most of the known world. Over the course
of the book, the church shifted its attention from concerns about
Christians keeping the law of Moses to remaining pure in the face of
the sexual, cultural, religious, and political norms which prevailed in
the Gentile world
From Oral to Written
At the beginning of the book of
Acts, there was no Christian Scripture. While Jewish believers were
familiar with either the original Hebrew Scriptures or the Septuagint,
the bulk of new believers had no background information about Jehovah,
His laws or His dealing with humanity. They were starting without
knowledge of God revealed in writing and without access to it. Over the
period of time covered by the book of the Acts, most of the New
Testament was written and distribution was commenced. While we would
have to say that the church of the time rested heavily on oral
transmission of truth, the Christian Scriptures would have been
beginning to play a role. By the end of the second century, the canon,
as we know it, had become the foundation of faith. Although many were
still illiterate, the teaching they received was based on the New
Testament documents rather than oral tradition.
From Local to Global
At a time like ours which is
very aware of the impact of globalization on individual cultures,
societies and even on individual persons, we can’t ignore the impact
that the globalization of the Church would have had both on the
believers within it and on the world in which it was spreading. While
the church remained in Jerusalem under the direct influence of the
apostles, it had a character and style which could not be maintained
once it burgeoned in the Gentile world.
From mono-cultural to multi-cultural
One of the big shifts associated with the move from local to global was
that the church began in a mono-cultural environment. Everyone
understood everyone else, their motivations, the circumstances of their
lives, their cares, passions, and habits of daily life. Once the Church
became more multi-cultural, concerns were raised. Different attitudes
and understandings had to be accommodated one way or another. The
account of the Jerusalem council in Acts 15 is evidence of this, but
the writings of the apostles, especially Paul, as he dealt with Roman
and Greek cultures throughout the world show that the Jewish influence
on the Church waned rapidly after the first few years.
From central government to local autonomy
Another
aspect of the shift from local to global was the form of government. In
the beginning, the apostles “ruled” from Jerusalem. Once Paul came on
the scene, things began to change. Then when he began to travel and the
number of converts and churches grew, the influence of the apostles in
Jerusalem gave way to the authority of local godly elders who made
decisions independently.
From purity to pollution
At the birth of the Church,
its doctrine was pure. With its leaders personally mentored by the Lord
Jesus Christ, Himself, and having developed out of the Jewish faith
which had an accurate view of God, there was no error. While Christian
doctrine had yet to grow, particularly regarding the nature of the
Church itself, the understanding of God, Christ, man, sin, redemption
and the like were complete and correct. By the end of the thirty year
period recorded in the Acts, pagan distortion and false doctrine had
made their appearance. Paul and the other apostles wrote letters of
warning and correction to the churches which were subject to these
influences. At the beginning, the challenges to the church all came
from outside of the Church. Thirty years later challenges still came
from outside, but there was a whole new category arising from within
the Church itself.
Sometimes, in our longing for simplicity in our faith and righteousness in our Christian walk, we long for something resembling what we perceive to be a pure, rather static vision of “the early Church.” Unfortunately, we overlook the reality that the early church was not static at all. It was under significant pressures from persecution, the shift in the way God was manifesting Himself in individual believers, in the Christian community and in the world, the rise of the Gentile majority, multi-culturalism, rapid expansion, decentralization, and the emergence of false doctrine. The Church faced all these, responded to them and through many “labours, toils, and snares,” has survived and even sometimes thrived for two thousand years.
Let us not be overwhelmed by the challenges before the Church today, but push on in faith, persevering to the end for the glory of God.
Ron Hughes
© August 2007